Multiplication arrays explained for parents
What a multiplication array is, why schools use them, and simple ways to practise arrays at home with Grade 3 children.
If your child brings home a page of dots in rows and columns, they are working with arrays. Arrays are one of the most useful pictures in early multiplication, and they are easy to practise at home.
What is an array?
An array is a set of objects arranged in equal rows. A tray of 3 rows with 5 cupcakes in each row is a 3 by 5 array. The total is 3 × 5 = 15.
Why teachers use arrays
- They show that multiplication is repeated equal groups, not just a fact to memorise.
- Turning an array on its side shows 3 × 5 and 5 × 3 are the same.
- They lead directly to area in later grades: a rectangle 3 units by 5 units has an area of 15 square units.
- They help with harder facts. A 6 × 7 array can be split into 5 × 7 and 1 × 7.
Arrays you can find at home
- Egg boxes (2 × 6 or 3 × 4)
- Muffin and ice cube trays
- Window panes
- Chocolate bars
- Stickers on a sheet
Ask: "How many rows? How many in each row? How many altogether?" Then ask your child to write the multiplication sentence.
A quick activity
Give your child 12 counters and ask how many different rectangles they can make. They should find 1 × 12, 2 × 6 and 3 × 4 (and the same turned round). This is an early look at factors.